a priori Probability: the probability that we determine from knowing the process by which the uncertain event happens (by logically examining existing information). Certain Event: event that is sure ...

This flow property is basic in the modern and comprehensive analysis of the solution and will be applied to solve the first and second order stochastic partial differential equations. This book will ...

Itô and since then has been much developed. Professor Kunita's approach here is to regard the stochastic differential equation as a dynamical system driven by a random vector field, including thereby ...

The general rule for the conversion of any type of odds into an implied probability can be expressed as a formula: As shown, the formula divides the stake (amount wagered) by the total payout to ...

The half-yearly exams for CBSE Class 10 are over and students must now focus on the final board examination. It is important ...

Calculating Price with the Binomial Model The basic method of calculating the binomial option model is to use the same probability each ... rate for one month. The equation to solve is thus ...

Most important, though, is Professor Spiegelhalter’s skill at communicating these ideas. Much of probability and statistics can be highly counterintuitive, and the maths underlying it is often ...

Statistics and probability can estimate death tolls from earthquakes, conflicts and other calamities around the world. It can also predict profits, how ideas spread, and how previously endangered ...

The safety-efficiency dilemma describes the problem of maintaining safety during efficient exploration and is a special case of the exploration-exploitation dilemma in the face of potential dangers.

(left) Conventional methods assume history-independent dynamics, which assume a constant probability of transitioning between different disease stages of disease regardless of time since exposure, and ...

Counting cards isn’t illegal and it isn’t magic either. We simply used a probability model, and some basic math. Assuming we all played the way the algorithm told us to, we could predict the ...